Surgical treatment of retrograde type A aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for Stanford type B aortic dissection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To analyze the etiologies, surgical treatment and outcomes of retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for Stanford type B aortic dissection. Methods     The clinical data of patients with RTAD after TEVAR for Stanford type B aortic dissection receiving operations in Changhai Hospital from March 2014 to August 2018 were analyzed. All patients were followed-up by clinic interview or telephone. Results     A total of 16 patients were enrolled, including 13 males and 3 females with a mean age of 49.1±12.2 years. The main symptoms of RTAD were chest pain in 12 patients, headache in 1 patient, conscious disturbance in 1 patient, and asymptomatic in 2 patients. All the 16 patients received total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique. Bentall procedure was used in 2 patients, aortic root plasticity in 10 patients and aortic valve replacement in 1 patient. The primary tear in 10 patients was located in the area which were anchored by bare mental stent, and in the other 6 patients it was located in the anterior part of ascending aorta. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 152.2±29.4 min, aortic cross-clamping time was 93.6±27.8 min and selective cerebral perfusion time was 29.8±8.3 min. There was no death in hospital or within postoperative 30 days. The follow-up period was 32-85 (57.4±18.3) months. No death occurred during the follow-up period. One patient underwent TEVAR again 3 years after this operation and had an uneventful survival. Conclusion     Total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique is a suitable strategy for the management of RTAD after TEVAR for Stanford type B aortic dissection.

Analysis of risk factors for retrograde type A dissection associated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) associated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) which provided the basis for clinical risk stratification and treatment decision.Methods:The clinical data of 1 688 patients with thoracic aortic disease who underwent TEVAR in our center from January 2004 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological classification included aortic dissection (1 592 cases) and other thoracic aortic diseases (96 cases). Univariate analysis and categorical multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors for the development of RTAD during or after TEVAR.Results:A total of 18 cases of RTAD were found, with an overall incidence of 1.1% (18/1 688), all of which occurred in aortic dissection group. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of RTAD was significantly decreased(OR=0.27,95%CI 0.07-0.96, P=0.043) when the oversize of stentgraft was 11%-20%, the oversize of stentgraft was ≤10% as the control group, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The ascending aorta diameter was <40 mm as the control group, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of RTAD between the ≥40 mm group and the control group(OR=2.71,95%CI 0.94-7.84, P=0.065). Conclusions:Aortic dissection is more likely to develop RTAD than other thoracic aortic diseases. A proper stentgraft oversizing ratio could reduce the probability of RTAD. That is to say that a too low stentgraft oversizing ratio is not recommended.

Interventional treatment with covered stent graft for retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection and intramural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the prognosis of interventional treatment with covered stent graft for retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection and intramural hematoma by single-arm meta-analysis. Methods    Related studies on treating retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection and intramural hematoma with covered stent graft were retrieved from the databases by computer, including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP, CNKI and CBM, from inception to January 2020. Literatures were screened by researchers step by step according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of the enrolled literatures was evaluated, and data were extracted from the included studies. Afterwards, single-arm meta-analysis was carried out by the R3.6.3 software. Results    A total of 12 English and 5 Chinese studies were included, which were all case series, and the quality of all literatures was moderate evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). After analyzing the clinical prognosis of 260 patients, the 30-day mortality was 6% (95%CI 0.04 to 0.11, P=0.97), the late mortality was 8% (95%CI 0.05 to 0.14, P=0.78), the incidence of endoleak was 21% (95%CI 0.16 to 0.29, P=0.06), the incidence of stroke was 5% (95%CI 0.03 to 0.09, P=0.99), the incidence of new aortic dissection was 7% (95%CI 0.04 to 0.11, P=0.96), the incidence of dissection progression was 10% (95%CI 0.07 to 0.16, P=0.24), and the absorption rate of intramural hematoma was 84% (95%CI 0.37 to 1.00, P<0.01). Conclusion    Interventional treatment with covered stent graft for retrograde Stanford type A aortic dissection and intramural hematoma can obtain good early treatment results for some patients, and can be used as a safe and effective treatment for aged patient with high risk who cannot tolerate surgery. Endoleak, stroke and new aortic dissection are the early serious complications of this method.

Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in a Patient with Bovine Aortic Arch / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a lethal complication. A 54-year-old woman with bovine aortic arch presented with dilatation of the descending aorta due to chronic type B aortic dissection. She underwent TEVAR in zone 2 for closure of the entry site just below the origin of the left subclavian artery. On the day after TEAVR, she showed right hemiparesis, and was diagnosed with cerebral infarction on MRI and RTAD on CT. She underwent an emergent operation. The entry was at the proximal end of the bovine trunk, where the edge of the bare stent stuck out. We performed partial arch replacement with entry resection. Her postoperative course was uneventful. She was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation 37 days after the surgery.

Fiebre y disección retrógrada tipo A como complicación de la disección aórtica tipo B / Fever and retrograde type A aortic dissection as complication of type B aortic dissection / Febre e dissecção aórtica retrógrada tipo A como complicação da dissecção aórtica tipo B

La incidencia del síndrome aórtico agudo (disección aórtica, hematoma intramural, úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante y ruptura de la pared vascular) es de 2-3,5 casos por 100.000 habitantes cada año; pero la disección aórtica tipo A retrógrada es poco frecuente y sólo se han reportado casos aislados, en ocasiones como consecuencia de una intervención quirúrgica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 62 años de edad, que acudió al cuerpo de guardia por dolor precordial que alivió con analgésicos y tanto la radiografía de tórax como el electrocardiograma eran normales. Al tercer día comenzó con fiebre que duró 4 semanas y desapareció espontáneamente, y fue dado de alta con todos los estudios normales y pancultivos negativos. Dos semanas después ingresa nuevamente por disnea de esfuerzo, que fue progresando. Al ingreso se constata signos clínicos de pericarditis, incluyendo roce pericardio, realizándose ecocardiograma y angio-TAC, donde se evidenció el diagnóstico de disección aórtica tipo B complicada con disección tipo A retrógrada y hemopericardio.

The incidence of acute aortic syndrome (aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer rupture of the vessel wall) is 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 people each year; but the retrograde type A aortic dissection is rare and only isolated cases have been reported, sometimes as a result of surgery. We report a case of a 62-year-old, who came to the emergency for chest pain relieved with analgesics and both chest radiography and electrocardiography were normal. On the third day began with fever that lasted for four weeks and disappeared spontaneously, was discharged with all studies normal and negatives cultives. Two weeks later admitted again by dyspnea on exertion, this was progressing. On admission to hospital clinical signs of pericarditis it is found, including pericardium rubbing, performing echocardiography and CT angiography, where the diagnosis of type B aortic dissection complicated with retrograde type A aortic dissection and hemopericardium was demonstrated.

A incidência de síndrome aórtica aguda (dissecção aórtica, hematoma intramural e penetrante ruptura úlcera aterosclerótica da parede do vaso) é 2-3,5 casos por 100.000 pessoas a cada ano; mas a dissecção aórtica tipo A retrógrada é rara e apenas casos isolados foram relatadas, algumas vezes como resultado da cirurgia. Nós relatamos o caso de um paciente de 62 anos de idade, que veio para a emergência por dor torácica aliviado com analgésicos e tanto a radiografia de tórax e eletrocardiograma eram normais. Ao terceiro dia o paciente começou com febre a qual durou quatro semanas e desapareceu espontaneamente, recebendo alta com todos os estudos normais e pancultivos negativos. Duas semanas mais tarde, ele foi internado no hospital novamente para a dispnéia, que estava progredindo. Na admissão do hospital sinais clínicos de pericardite foram encontrado, incluindo fricção pericárdica, realizando ecocardiografia e angiografia por TC, que revelou o diagnóstico de dissecção aórtica tipo B complicada com dissecção aórtica tipo A retrógrada e hemopericárdio.

Image features of primary retrograde type A aortic dissection by CT angiography / 中国综合临床

Objective To summarize the image features of primary retrograde type A aortic dissection by CTA examination, aiming to improve the precise diagnosis of this type of specific aortic dissection, and to provide imaging evidence for subsequent therapies.Methods The CTA data of 17 patients with primary retrograde type A aortic dissection treated in Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command from January 2010 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The image features including the dissection type, the location and quantity of intimal tear, the aorta involving area, and the origin of branch vessels were analyzed.Results Nine cases of the total 17 patients had pericardial/pleural effusion.Fourteen patients showed intramural hematoma in ascending aorta, while 3 patients showed active blood flow and thrombosis formation in false lumen of ascending aorta.Five patients showed aortic ulcers and intramural hematoma in descending aorta, and the other 12 patients showed typical dissection image with active blood flow in both true and false lumen,among the 12 patients, there were obvious intimal separations observed in 11 cases, while multiple aortic ulcers in 1 case.Abdominal aorta was involved in l0 cases of the above 11 patients.All of the abdominal branch vessels were originated from true lumen in 2 of the 10 patients,and the other 8 patients showed 1-2 vessels originated from false lumen.Conclusion Primary retrograde type A aortic dissection is relatively rare.However,specific imaging features different from typical aortic dissection can be observed in this type of aortic lesion.Careful viewing of CTA image is extremely necessary for accurate diagnosis.